简介：MikhailEdisherovichChiaureli(MicheilChiaureli)wasbornonFebruary6,1894,inTiflis,RussianEmpire(nowTbilisi,Georgia).In1916hegraduatedfromtheSchoolofPaintingandSculptureinTbilisi.YoungChiaurelimadehisactingdebutonstageasanamateurin1910.In1914hemarriedactressVerikoAndjaparidze,theyhadtwosonsandadaughter,namedSofikoChiaureli.In1920-1921hetookpartinorganizingtheRevolutionaryTheatreofSatireinTbilisi.From1922-1924helivedinGermanyandworkedasasculptorandcontinuedhiscareerasasculptorandartistafterhisreturntoTbilisiin1924.From1926-1928hewasanactoranddirectorofKrasnyProletkultTheatreinTbilisi.From1928-1941ChiaureliwasArtisticDirectorofGeorgianTheatreofMusicalComedy. Hisfilmcareerbeganin1921withaleadingroleinthesilentfilm'ArsenaJorjiashvili'(1921).Hecontinuedplayingleadingandsupportingrolesinsilentfilmsduringthe1920's.1928ChiaurelibecameafilmdirectoratGoskinpromstudio(Sakhkinmretsvi,thenrenamedTbilisiKinostudia).Hissilentfilm'Khabarda'(1931)becameapopularcomedyandwoncriticalacclaim.ChiaurelimadethefirstsoundfilminGeorgia,'UkanaskneliMaskaradi'(TheLastMasquerade1934).Heturnedtohistoricfilmsduringthe1930'sand1940'sunderthedictatorshipofJosephStalin.Hispoliticalfilm'VelikoeZarevo'(TheyWantedPeace1938)wasatypicalSovietpropagandafilm,forwhichChiaurelireceivedhisfirstStalin'sPrize.Chiaurelimadeatwo-partbiopicaboutGeorgiannationalheroDidiMouravi(GreatMouravi)GiorgiSaakadzecoveringthehistoryofthe16thand17thcenturyGeorgia,andwasawardedtwoStalin'sPrizes. JosephStalinmadeChiaurelihispersonalfriendandaregularguestatprivatepartiesinKremlinandatStalin'sDachanearMoscow.StalinusedChiaureli'stalenttomakefilmsinthelineofSovietpropaganda.Chiaurelihadtoservetheleader.HeembellishedtheimageofStalinbyusingatallandhandsomeactorMikheilGelovaniintheroleofStalin.StalinlikedtheembellishmentsandpersonallyapprovedactorMikheilGelovani,whodepictedStalininallChiaureli'sfilms.HedepictedStalinasanAlmightyleaderofgreatwisdomandlimitlesspowerinseveralpropagandafilms.However,hemadeadiligenteffortasdirectorof'TheFallofBerlin'and'TheBattleofBerlin'(1949)andwasawardedtheCrystalGlobeatKarlovyVary,andwasagainawardedtheStalin'sPrizein1950. AfterthedeathofStalin,ChiaurelilostmuchofhiscloutinMoscowandfelloutoffavorwithNikitaKhrushchev.ChiaureliwasremovedtoSverdlovskandwasplacedattheSverdlovskFilmStudio.Therehewaslimitedtolow-budgetfilmsandhadlittleornosuccess.HemovedbacktohishometownTbilisiin1957andmadeseveralfilmsstarringhiswifeVerikoAndjaparidzeandhisdaughterSofikoChiaureli.Hislastfeaturefilmwasnostalgicandpholosophical'Ratsginakhavs,vegarnakhav'(aka..InyenynchevremenaorYouCannotSeeWhatIHadSeen.1965).Chiaureliturnedtoanimationduringthelastdecadeofhislife.Hissarcasticcartoon'Rogordamarkhestagvebnakata'(aka..Kakmyshikotakhoronilior"Howmiceburiedthecat"1969)wasbasedonasatiricalpaintingaboutthefuneralofTsarPetertheGreat,alludingtopoliticsaroundthedeathofStalin.MicheilChiaurelidiedonOctober31,1974,inTbilisi,Georgia.…