托马斯·格拉尔最好的电影

  • Victor Sjöström Karin Molander
  • 120分钟
  • Amasterpieceofcomiccinemathatshowshowthemediumcant… Amasterpieceofcomiccinemathatshowshowthemediumcantransformanddistort,aswellasrecord,reality.Swedishcinemaintheperiod1917-21wasarguablythemostsophisticatedintheworld,itsmajorfigurebeingtheactor-directorVictorSjostrom,whosemagnificentlydownbeatfilmscombinedliteraryadaptation,action,melodramaandastonishingnaturalbackdrops.Therearesomeofus,however,whoprefercomedytoactionmelodramas,LubitschtoFord,andforthisweturntoSjostrom'scontemporary,MauritzStiller,unfairlyrelegatedinhistoryto'TheManWhoDiscoveredGretaGarbo'. 'ThomasGraal'sBestFilm'isoneofthebestcomediesofthesilentera.Itworksasanadorableromanticcomedyaboutaconcupiscentnovelistwhofallsforhissecretary;asastartlingsocialtract,withthedessicatedaristocracygivingontothemodernworldofcinema,entrepreneursandtheNewWoman;asoneofthefirstfilmsaboutfilmmaking-thereisanexquisiteparodyofGriffith'smonumental'Intolerance',astheactorplayingahangedcriminalcomplainsaboutthepainofbeinghoistfromaceiling. Asearlyas1917,beforeHollywoodwasevenheardof,wemeetthephilistinemogulhurlingscriptsintoawastepaperbasket;thehystericaldirector;theoverwrought,melodramaticactors.ThereisawonderfulscenewhereBessieonhorsebackseesamanattackingawomanonacountryroad;comingcrackingherwhiptotherescue,shenoticesthatafilmcrewarestandingbesidetheroadside;shehasmistakenfantasyforreality.Thisisthefilm'smaintheme,andthelongestsequencefeaturesthetitleherowritingascreenplayafterhismaulingBessiehasforcedhertoflee;heimaginesadesperatebackgroundofpovertyforherfromwhichherescuesher-thisistheBestFilmofthetitle. Stiller'smovieshowsathrillingmodernityinthissequenceasitblursnotonlytherealityofGraal'swritingandthefantasyheimagines,butalsointrudesBessie'sownstory:shedisruptshisnarrativejustasshedisruptsalltheforcesof(male)powerthatwouldtrytopinherdown.Bessieisoneofthegreatheroinesofsilentfilm,permanantlyamusedbytheabsurdcomplacencyoftheinferiorssurroundingher,withagorgeous,generousgrinsuggestingbothatasteforplayfulness,andavoracioussexualappetite.Thescenewhereshefleesherfatherandritualisticallyforceshimtoabandonhispaternalisticintentionsbydestroyingthebridgebetweenthemishilariousbutprovocative. Graal'sscreenplayisnotmerelyamusingforthegapbetweenhisassumptionsandtheactualtruth.Theimaginedscenewherethearistocraticparentsbecomepeasants,thefatherviolentanddrunkissubversiveinitself(gentryreducedtopeasants),butisalsoanaptmetaphorforthepatriarchalassumptionsofthearistocracy. Anotheraspectofthefilm'smodernityisitsnarration,expressedthroughintertitles,sarcasticattheexpenseofthecharacters,suggestingmelodramaticattitudesappropriatetotheplot,thanshowingaverydifferentreality(egthedespairingloverGraalsunbathingmerrilyonacountrylake).Thereisaritualisticsexualcontent(egthesceneintheboatwhereGraalblowsonthewindow),andawillingnesstosidetrackon'irrelevant'bits(egthecigarettetricks)thatalsoexcitetheviewer;whiletheSurreal/Magritte/Feuillade-likeabductionscene,fragmentedandseeminglyarbitrary,wherebowler-hattedservantswaittopounceonBessie,isspooky. Whatmakes'ThomasGraal'atrueclassicthough,andnearertoSjostrom(whoisterrific,hisoveractingmoresuitedtocomedythandrama),isthewaythedefiantartificeofthedramaisshotagainstnaturallocations,producingafruitful,jarringeffect-GraalchasingBessiethroughacountrylane,slippingandlosinghishat;adesperateGraalpushingalittleoldladyandstealingherboat,foreshadowingSeinfeldandafamousloafofrye.Thereisastartlingsceneinabutcher'sshop,agalleryoffreshcarcassbloatingthescreen.

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