Phenakistoscope

  • 动画
  • 120分钟
  • 比利时著名物理学家约瑟夫普拉多发现:当一个物体在人… 比利时著名物理学家约瑟夫普拉多发现:当一个物体在人的眼前消失后,该物体的形象还会在人的视网膜上滞留一段时间,这一发现,被称之为“视象暂留原理”。普拉多根据此原理于1832年发明了“诡盘”。“诡盘”能使被描画在锯齿形的硬纸盘上的画片因运动而活动起来,而且能使视觉上产生的活动画面分解为各种不同的形象。“诡盘”的出现,标志着电影的发明进入到了科学实验阶段。1834年,美国人霍尔纳的“活动视盘”试验成功;1853年,奥地利的冯乌却梯奥斯将军在上述的发明基础上,运用幻灯,放映了原始的动画片。 Thephenakistoscope(alsospelledphenakistiscope)wasanearlyanimationdevice,thepredecessorofthezoetrope.Itwasinventedin1832simultaneouslybytheBelgianJosephPlateauandtheAustrianSimonvonStampfer. Onevariantofthephenakistoscopewasaspinningdiscmountedverticallyonahandle.Aroundthecenterofthediscaseriesofpictureswasdrawncorrespondingtoframesoftheanimation;arounditscircumferencewasaseriesofradialslits.Theuserwouldspinthediscandlookthroughthemovingslitsatthedisc'sreflectioninamirror.Thescanningoftheslitsacrossthereflectedimageskeptthemfromsimplyblurringtogether,sothattheuserwouldseearapidsuccessionofimageswiththeappearanceofamotionpicture(seealsopersistenceofvision).Anothervarianthadtwodiscs,onewithslitsandonewithpictures;thiswasslightlymoreunwieldybutneedednomirror.Unlikethezoetropeanditssuccessors,thephenakistoscopecouldonlypracticallybeusedbyonepersonatatime. Theword"phenakistoscope"comesfromGreekrootsmeaning"opticaldeceiver"or"tocheat",asitdeceivestheeyebymakingthepictureslooklikeananimation.Astechnologyalongwithpopularityincreasedintheearlytwentiethcentury,coinoperationwasutilizedonmachines,coiningtheterm"Nickelodeon,"whichwouldbelaterbeusedsomewhatfreelytodescribeeventschargingfivecentsora"nickel." TheSpecialHonoraryJosephPlateauAward,areplicaofPlateau'soriginalphenakisticope,ispresentedeveryyeartoaspecialguestoftheFlandersInternationalFilmFestivalwhoseachievementshaveearnedaspecialanddistinctplaceinthehistoryofinternationalfilmmaking.

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