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  • 已故巴西先锋电影大师Candeias的黑白实验片,获瑞士卢… 已故巴西先锋电影大师Candeias的黑白实验片,获瑞士卢卡诺国际电影节铜豹奖。Candeias被认为是巴西的“边缘电影”之父。 OzualdoRibeiroCandeias(1918.11.5-2007.2.8):THEFATHEROF"CINEMAMARGINAL" BrazilianFilmmakerOzualdoRibeiroCandeiaswhodied,atage84,yesterday,February8,inSaoPaulo,Brazil,fromrespiratoryinsufficiency,wasfirstofallarebel.HewasknownasthefatheroftheMarginalCinema,afilmmovementcreatedinoppositiontoBrazil'shighlyintellectualCinemaNovo(NewCinema). CandeiaswasbornonNovember5,1922,inCajubi,interiorofSaoPaulostate,sonofasmallfarmer.Heworkedthefields,aswellasataxiandtruckdriverbeforemovinginthe1950stoSaoPaulocity. Therehegota16mmcameraforfilmingweddings,birthdays,baptisms,andfamilyget-togethers.Withoutanyformalfilmeducation,thatwasallheneededtostartacareerasscreenwriter,movieeditoranddirector. HisfirstexperiencewithmovieswastheshortTambaú-CidadedosMilagres(Tambaú-CityofMiracles)from1955,whichalreadyhadsomeofthetraitsthatwouldmarkhiswork:theirony,theprovocationandthesearchforthedowntroddeninsociety. Twootherfamousshortsbyhimwere,PolíciaFeminina(FemalePolice)in1959andEnsinoIndustrial(IndustrialTeaching),threeyearslater. Onlyin1964hewouldmakehisfirstfull-lengthmovie,AMargem(TheMargin)whichwouldbeconsideredanaestheticallyrevolutionaryworkandthefirstfilmoftheso-calledmarginalcinema. Ironically,theunculturedman,tooktotheextremetheCinemaNovo'smaximutteredbyGláuberRocha:"Anideainyourheadandacamerainyourhand."InAMargem,CandeiastellsthestorynotonlyofthosewholiveonthebanksofsuperpollutedTieteriverbutalsothosewholiveonthebanksofmiseryanddestitution. Thelackofresourcesendedupbecomingavirtueeventhoughhisworkatthebeginningwasdespisedbycriticsandgoodpartofthepublic. HeendedupcreatinganaestheticalschoolthatincludedothercursedandradicaldirectorsuchasJúlioBressane,LuisSérgioPerson,JoséMojicaMarins,RogérioSganzerlaandCarlosReichenbach. TheyweretheothersideofgoodtasteandproprietyandestablishedthemselvesinthemostdecadentzoneofSaoPaulo,theBocadoLixo(TrashMouth,literally),thecity'sredlightdistrict. InBocadoLixo,usingsecond-handequipmentandamateuractors,thesemenproducedmorethan700full-lengthmoviesintwodecades,from1970totheendofthe1980s. Manyofthemwereexperimentalworksthathadverylittleexposurebutotherswereboxofficehits,mostofthembelongingtopornochanchada,agenrethatmixedsoftpornowithcomedy. CandeiaswasalwaysoneofthemoreactiveintheBocadoLixo.Healsoworkedthereasactor,producerandscreenwriter.Amonghismoviesasdirectorwere:OAcordo(Theagreement),MeuNomeETonho(MyNameIsTonho)(1969),AHeranca(TheInheritance)(1971),CacadaSangrenta(BloodyHunt)(1973),AFreiraeaTortura(TheNunandtheTorture)(1983)andAsBelasdaBillings(TheBillingsLakeBelles)(1987). His1992movieOVigilante(TheWatchman)earnedhimtheBrasília'sFestivalspecialjuryprize.Candeias'work,however,waspracticallyforgottenuntiltheBancodoBrasil'sCulturalCenterpresentedarevivalofhisworkin2002.