崩溃:下一个经济大萧条

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  • Afterthestockmarketcrashedin1929,millionsofAmerica… Afterthestockmarketcrashedin1929,millionsofAmericanslosttheirjobs,theirsavingsandtheirhomes.PresidentHerbertHooverurgedpatienceandself-reliance:Hethoughtthecrisiswasjust"apassingincidentinournationallives,"whichthefederalgovernmentwasn'tresponsibleforresolving.In1932,theDemocraticParty'spresidentialcandidate,NewYorkgovernorFranklinDelanoRoosevelt,declaredthat,indeed,thegovernmentcouldtrytomakeAmericans'livesbetter."IpledgemyselftoaNewDealfortheAmericanpeople,"hesaidinhisacceptancespeechathisparty'sconvention,andhemeantit.Overthenextnineyears,Roosevelt'sprogramsandpoliciesdidmorethanjustadjustinterestrates,tinkerwithfarmsubsidiesandcreateshort-termmake-workprograms.Theycreatedabrand-new,iftenuous,politicalcoalitionthatincludedwhiteworkingpeople,African-Americansandleft-wingintellectuals.Thesepeoplerarelysharedthesameinterests-atleast,theyrarelythoughttheydid-buttheydidshareapowerfulbeliefthataninterventionistgovernmentwasgoodfortheirfamilies,theeconomyandthenation.Theircoalitionhassplinteredovertime,butmanyoftheNewDealprogramsthatboundthemtogetherarestillwithustoday.

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