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  • Discord,distress,thethreatofdissolution.Suchisthep… Discord,distress,thethreatofdissolution.SuchistheprevailingspiritintheSoviet  Uniontodayasvividlycapturedby"Soviets".Throughstrikingphotographsandprobing  interviews,JurisPodnieks,aLatviandirector,conveysthemisery,resistanceand  flickeringhopesofpeoplewhoaredemandingmuchmorethantheGorbachevreforms.  Theveryexistenceofsuchawork,whichwasmadein1988and'89andwhichhas  beenshowninsomeSovietmovietheaters,isofcourseevidenceofhowmuchhas  changedinrecentyears.YetasHedrickSmith,theauthorof"TheNewRussians,"  observes,thereformshavereleasedambiguousandoftenhostilefeelings.  1redhot  Inthefirst,impressionisticprogram,Mr.Podnieks,anoteddirectoroffeaturefilms,  heightensthefactswithscenesofthenucleardisasteratChernobylandtheaftermath  ofthe1988earthquakeinArmeniaandwiththeangryfacesofstrikingworkersatan  enginefactoryinYaroslavlincentralRussia.Hehasacasetomakeandknowshowto  usehiscameratomakeit.Donotlookto"Soviets"forjournalisticbalance;eventhetone  ofthevoice-oversseparatesearnestprotestorsfromstuffyofficials.  Unfortunatelyfortheviewer,Mr.Podnieksappearstobemuchtakenwithafellow  Latvian,themusicianandpoetAlexeiRybnikov,whobeginsthefirstprogramwith  broodingbanalities--"Wearelostbecausewehavelostourbeliefs"and"Myweakfeet  aremadeofclay"--asherecordshislatestopera,"HolyCommunionforNonbelievers."  Thesynthesizedmusicandsyntheticphilosophy,accompaniedbynewsreelsofLenin  andStalin,makeforanarduouslyartyopening.  ThroughMr.Podnieks'slens,theYaroslavlenginefactoryisstraightoutofDickens.One  ofthewomen,whoseemtomakeupmostoftheworkforce,asks,"Withonlyonefree  dayaweek,whendoweseeourchildren?HowmuchhousekeepingcanIdo?"  Mr.Podnieks,doinghisinterviewingoutofcamerarange,pinsdownaunion  representative."Whystrike?"thismanasks."We'refreetotalkaboutanything."ToMr.  Podnieks'sobservation,"Theairisstillpoisoned;theworkisstillheavy,"theunion  officialcounters,"Ifthereisalittleanger,takeitasanaturalfemaletrait."Acranedriver  commentsthatalthoughtheworkersmighthavelostsomeoftheirfear,"wearen't  capableofmuchafterthesemanyyearsofsilence."Thepicturesoftheold-fashioned  factoryaddasmokyatmospheretothewords,leavinganimageoffrailhopechokedby  decadesofresignation.  Mr.Podnieksdemonstrateshisdirectorialtouchashemovesevocativelyfroma  commentbythecranedriverthatshelikessciencefictiontoeeriescenesofthe  clean-upafterthe1986explosionatChernobyl.Thedirectorhasaneyeforsymboland  alikingformoralitytales.Anarthistoriantellshimthatpeoplehavebeenstealingold  iconsfromtheregion,eventhoughtheyareradioactive.Theholyitems,takenforgain,  maybringdeath.Mr.Podniekscanbeobviousbutinhishandseventhe  obvioushasstrength.  Thefirstprogramendswithinterviewswithwomenwho,despitewarnings,have  returnedtotheirhomesnearChernobyl.Mr.Podniekscatchestheirmixofdefiance  anddesperation.Itisamixture  that"Soviets"findseverywhere.  2awakening  ThesecondprogrambringsinterviewswithaRussianOrthodoxpriest,intheshellofhis  destroyedchurch,wholongstoreturntoanearlierRussia,andwithAndreiSakharov,  whodiedinDecember1989,lookingaheadrealisticallyandnotveryoptimistically:"Idon't  knowwhetherwewillbeabletorunthewholecourse,becausewehavefailedso  manytimes."  Mr.PodniekspaysparticularattentiontotherisingnationalisminhisownLatvia,focusing  especiallyonValdisTurins,aschoolteacherwhomweseebeingcartedawaybypolice  duringademonstration.Mr.TurinsisnomoreoptimisticthanMr.Sakharov,butheclings  tothefaiththatnowthereisachanceforhispeople.  TheprogramfindsasimilarspiritamongtheArmeniansinthedistrictofNagorny  KarabakhwhoaredemandingindependencefromtherepublicofAzerbaijan.A  newsreelshowsacrowdlisteningtoamemberoftheCommunistPartyCentral  Committeeofferingthiscomfort:"DearComrades!TheCentralCommitteeoftheparty  lovesyou!Honestly!"TheensuinghootsandthepicturesofArmenianswhohavebeen  beatenbyAzerbaijaninationalists,perhapsabettedbythepolice,portendmoreviolence  andpossiblyanendtowhatisnowknownastheSovietUnion.  3doyouhearus?  Theseriesalsocontainsinterviewswithdisenchantedveteransofthewarin  Afghanistan,withappealingyoungmembersoftheDemocraticFrontandwith  less-appealinganti-Semites.  4thewall  Anotherprogramcontainsachillingaccountofthedesperatefightbyawomaninthe  republicofUzbekistaninCentralAsiaagainsttheaccusationthatshewasnotavirginat  marriage,anoffensethatamongtheUzbeksrequiresself-immolation.Mr.Podnieks's  camera,neverobjective,catchestheinsularityandsuspiciousnessinaregionwhere  2,500womenayeartrytoburnthemselvestodeath.  ThisepisodecontainsinterviewswithresidentsofatownnearLeningradwhoare  protestingagainstafactorythatemitsnoxiousfumes.  ThereisalsoacandidconversationwithBorisN.Yeltsin,theheadoftheRussian  Republic,whoseestheincreasingpowersofMikhailS.Gorbachevas"thebeginningof  anewcultofpersonality."TheaccompanyingpicturesofMr.Gorbachevlooking  authoritarianleaveslittledoubtastowhereMr.Podnieks'ssympathieslie.  5facetoface  Inthefinalprogram,hereturnstotheBalticStatestomeettheleadersoftheLatvian  People'sFrontandalsoreturnstoArmenia,anditsfightagainsttheMuslimexpansion.  "Soviets"givesimmediacytotheeconomic,political,religiousandethnicdemandsnow  roilingthecountry.Itoffersinspirationintheformofpeoplestandinguptostatepower,  butleaveslittleprospectforaquietresolutiontotheclashingpassionsthathavebeen  unloosedbythefirstbreathsoffreedom.

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