简介：本系列纪录片是由BBC于2001年发行的纪录片 共5部分: 1.FirstBlood 2.Invasion 3.TheSeaRoad 4.Rulers 5.LastoftheVikings JulianRichardsinvestigatesVikingBritain,fromthefirstraidstotheirsettlementoftheBritishIslesandtracestheirlegacythroughageneticssurvey Journeybackto793onthecoastofHolyIsland,hometothepeacefulmonksofLindisfarnewhowerebrutallymurderedbyraidersfromthesea.TheNorwegiancountrysiderevealsVikinggraves,litteredwithtreasuresthatoncebelongedtothemonks! InOseburg,Norway,uncoveranentireVikingship,preservedinamassivePaganburialground.Onboard,discoverthebowelsofthevesselburstingwithtreasurethatarchaeologicalevidenceconnectstoaScottishmonastery,burnedandpillagedhundredsofyearsbefore. OnthesaltybluffsofnorthernScotland,wheretheancientPictishpeoplelived,exploreastill-populardebate.HistoriansarguethattheVikingsmaintainedpeacefulrelationswiththePicts,tradingwiththemfreely.Now,hearotherscontendthattheVikingswipedthesepre-Scotsmenoffthemap!Whicheverthecase,onethingseemscertain:theVikingstookeveryavailableopportunityandlifetomakemoney. TheSurvey TheUCLgeneticssurveysetouttodiscoverifanygenetictracesoftheVikingsremainedintheBritishIsles-andwhatthismightrevealabouttheVikingAge.WehopedtofindoutwhereVikingssettledandroughlyhowsignificantthosesettlementswere.DNAsamplesweretakenfrommenatanumberofsites.Inthemain,smalltownswerechosenandthementestedwererequiredtobeabletotracetheirmalelinebacktwogenerationsinthesameruralarea-within20milesofthetownchosen.Theaimwastoreducetheeffectsoflaterpopulationmovements,assumingthatinbetweentheNormaninvasionof1066andthe20thcenturymovementwouldhavebeenlimited. ThetestslookedattheYchromosome,whichisonlycarriedbymen.Thischromosomeisparticularlyusefulforpopulationgeneticsstudiesasitispasseddirectlyfromfathertosonwithvirtuallynoalteration.Otherchromosomesexistinpairs,onememberofwhichispassedonfromthemotherandtheotherfromthefather.ButbecausewomendonotcarryaYchromosome,geneticistscanalwaysbesurethatthispartofaman'sDNAhascomefromhisfather,andfromhisgrandfatherbeforehim.ThischromosomeallowsgeneticiststobegintounravelthemaleancestryoftheBritishIsles. FirstBlood LootfoundsecretedinpagangravesinNorwayprovidessomemajorcluesthatpointtoVikingperpetratorsfollowingthediscoveryofmurdervictimsinWalesandamonasteryrazedtothegroundinScotland. Invasion InAD856,amassivefleetofVikingshipsappearedoffthecoastofEastAnglia,heraldingachangeinVikingtactics-fromraidingtoinvasion.Richardschartstheyearsofattemptedconquestthatfollowed. TheSeaRoad JulianRichardsinvestigatestheimpactoftheVikingsinBritain.ThiseditionfocusesonthearchaeologicaltrailleftbytheVikingsastheytravelledfromNorwayalongthesearoadtoDublin.Settlements,aboatburialandevidenceoftradinghavebeendiscoveredontheScottishisles,andsilverhoardsfoundinIrelandsuggestthatDublinwasnotonlywealthyandimportant,butalsoacentrefortradeinslaves. Rulers JulianRichardsrecallshow,afteryearsofraiding,England\'sresistancewassoweakenedthat,intheearly11thcentury,theVikingswerefinallyabletoseizethethrone.InotherpartsoftheBritishIsleshowever,theygainedandmaintainedpowerbyintegration. LastoftheVikings Inthelastoftheseries,JulianRichardsuncoversnewinformationfromthebattlein1066betweenVikingwarlordHaraldHardradaandKingHaroldofEnglandthatmarkedtheendoftheVikingageinBritain.ResultsfromanationwidegeneticsurveyshowwhereinBritaintheVikingsleftameasurablecontribution.…